Henry Kissinger

Henry Alfred Kissinger (Maiu 27, 1923 - 29 Novembru 2023) nu'udar diplomata, sientista polítiku, konsultór jeopolitiku no polítiku ida-ne'ebé servisu nu'udar asesor estadu no seguransa nasionál iha administrasaun prezidensiál Richard Nixon no Gerald Ford nian entre tinan 1969 no 1977.^[1]

Iha tinan 1938, ema judeu ida-ne'ebé halai husi rai-Alemana mai iha Estadus Unidus nu'udar refujiadu ne'ebé halai husi rai-Alemana. Nia serbí iha tropa Estadus Unidus durante Funu Mundial Segundu, no depois funu, nia hetan edukasaun iha Universidade Harvard, iha fatin ne'ebé nia hetan edukasaun akadémiku. Ikusmai nia sai hanesan profesór governu iha universidade no hetan reputasaun internasionál hanesan peritu kona-ba armas nukleares no polítika esterna. Nia atua beibeik hanesan konsultór ba ajénsia governu, tanke hanoin, no kampaña prezidensiál Nelson Rockefeller no Richard Nixon molok hetan nomeasaun nu'udar asesor ba seguransa nasionál.

Kissinger pioneiru polítika detensaun nian ho Uniaun Sovietika, organiza abertura relasaun ho Xina, envolve iha "diplomasia shuttle" iha Oriente Mediu hodi hapara Funu Yom Kibur, no negosia Akordu da Pas Paris nian, ne'ebé hapara envolvimentu Amerikanu iha Funu Vietnam. Ba nia knaar iha negosiasaun kona-ba funu Vietname nia rohan, nia simu Premiu Nobel ba Pas iha tinan 1973 iha sirkunstánsia kontroversu sira. Prátika-nain ida-ne'ebé halo aprosimasaun pragmatiku ba polítika hanaran Realpolitiku, bolseiru sira konsidera nia nu'udar sekretáriu estadu efetivu. ^[2]

Kissinger mós asosiadu ho polítika kontroversu Estadus Unidus nian, inklui bomba Kamboja nian, envolvimentu iha kazu ne'e iha tinan 1973, apoiu ba totál militár Argentina nian iha ninia Funu Diretivu, apoiu ba Indonezia iha invazaun Timor-Leste nian, no apoiu ba Pakistaun durante Funu Libertasaun Bangladesh no genosidiu Bangladesh. Nia hetan akuzasaun kona-ba krime funu nian ba ema sivíl sira ne'ebé mate, nia papél atu fasilita apoiu Estadus Unidus nian ba rejime diktatorial sira, no la hatene kona-ba abuzu direitus umanus ne'ebé Estadus Unidus no nia aliadu sira komete.^[3]

Hafoin husik tiha governu, Kissinger harii Kissinger Associates, empreza konsultasaun jeopolitika internasionál ida. Nia hakerek livru sanulu resin kona-ba istória diplomátika no relasaun internasionál. Prezidente Estadus Unidus husi partidu polítiku rua ne'e buka nia konsellu.

Timor-Leste

Prosesu deskolonializasaun Portugal nian lori atensaun ba eis-kolonia Portuges Timor-Leste nian, ne'ebé deklara nia independénsia iha 1975. Prezidente Indonezia Suharto konsidera Timor-Leste nu'udar parte loloos husi Indonesia. Iha Dezembru 1975, Suharto diskute planu invazaun durante sorumutu ho Kissinger no Prezidente Ford iha kapitál Indonesia Jakarta. Ford no Kissinger hatudu klaru katak relasaun Estadus Unidus ho Indonezia sei nafatin forte no sei la kontra aneksu ne'e.^[4] Sira hakarak de'it atu halo ida-ne'e "lalais" no hatete katak sei tarde to'o sira fila fali ba Washington. Nune'e, Suharto demora operasaun ba loron ida. Ikus liu iha loron 7 Dezembru, forsa Indonesia invade eis-kolonia Portuges. Governu Estadus Unidus fa'an nafatin sasán ba Indonezia, no Suharto kontinua ho planu aneksu. Tuir Ben Kiernan, invazaun no okupasaun ne'e rezulta besik 25 pursentu husi populasaun Timor-Leste mate husi 1975 to'o 1981.^[5]

↑ "The Nobel Peace Prize 1973". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/.
↑ "TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars". p. 9. https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf.
↑ "Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes'". January 30, 2015. http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/.
↑ "Ford, Kissinger and the Indonesian Invasion, 1975–76". http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB62/.
↑ Kiernan, Ben (2007). "Genocide and Resistance in Southeast Asia: Documentation, Denial & Justice in Cambodia & East Timor". New Brunswick, NJ [u.a.]: Transaction Publ. p. 281.

[1] "The Nobel Peace Prize 1973". Nobel Foundation. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1973/kissinger/biographical/.

[trip3-2] "TRIP Snap Poll III: Seven Questions on Current Global Issues for International Relations Scholars". p. 9. https://trip.wm.edu/research/snap-polls/snap-poll-3/Snap_Poll_3_topline.pdf.

[Times_of_Israel2-3] "Protesters Heckle Kissinger, Denounce Him for 'War Crimes'". January 30, 2015. http://www.timesofisrael.com/protesters-heckle-kissinger-denounce-him-for-war-crimes/.

[4] "Ford, Kissinger and the Indonesian Invasion, 1975–76". http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB62/.

[5] Kiernan, Ben (2007). "Genocide and Resistance in Southeast Asia: Documentation, Denial & Justice in Cambodia & East Timor". New Brunswick, NJ [u.a.]: Transaction Publ. p. 281.

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